A urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs when bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli), enter the urinary tract, leading to an infection in any part of the urinary system, including the urethra, bladder, or kidneys. UTIs are more common in women due to their shorter urethra, but men can also experience them. Symptoms of a UTI often include a strong, persistent urge to urinate, a burning sensation during urination, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and pelvic pain. In more severe cases, especially if the infection spreads to the kidneys, symptoms may include fever, back pain, nausea, and vomiting.

UTIs can be caused by various factors, such as poor hygiene, sexual activity, dehydration, or the use of certain contraceptives like diaphragms. Risk increases for those with underlying health conditions like diabetes or for individuals who use catheters.

UTIs are usually treated with antibiotics, and it’s important to complete the full course of treatment to prevent the infection from returning or worsening. Drinking plenty of water and urinating frequently can help flush out the bacteria. Preventative measures include staying hydrated, wiping from front to back, and urinating after sexual activity. If left untreated, a UTI can lead to more serious complications, such as kidney infections.