Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma are types of bacteria that can infect the urogenital tract and are often transmitted through sexual contact. Unlike many other bacteria, these microorganisms lack a cell wall, which makes them resistant to certain antibiotics like penicillin. These infections are usually asymptomatic, but when symptoms occur, they may include painful urination, genital discomfort, or abnormal discharge.

Mycoplasma: The most notable species, Mycoplasma genitalium, is associated with conditions like urethritis in men and cervicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women. It can also lead to reproductive health issues if left untreated, including infertility or pregnancy complications.

Ureaplasma: Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum are the most common species and can cause similar symptoms. In women, Ureaplasma has been linked to bacterial vaginosis, pregnancy complications, and, in men, urethritis or prostatitis.

Diagnosis typically involves testing a urine sample or swab from the genital area. Treatment for both infections usually includes antibiotics like doxycycline or azithromycin, although care must be taken to choose antibiotics that are effective against these bacteria due to their resistance profile. Regular STI screenings and using protection during sexual activity are essential for prevention.