Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can infect the genital tract, rectum, and throat, and is spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Many individuals with gonorrhea may not show symptoms, but when they do, they can include painful urination, increased vaginal or penile discharge, and, in women, bleeding between periods. In men, it can cause testicular pain or swelling, while in both sexes, rectal infections may cause pain, discharge, or bleeding.

If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to serious health complications. In women, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which may result in infertility, while in men, it can lead to painful inflammation of the testicles and prostate. Gonorrhea can also increase the risk of contracting or transmitting HIV.

Treatment typically involves antibiotics, but due to the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains of gonorrhea, prompt diagnosis and proper treatment are essential. Regular screenings, especially for sexually active individuals, and practicing safe sex through condom use are critical to preventing the spread of gonorrhea.