Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), primarily HSV-2, though HSV-1 (commonly responsible for cold sores) can also cause genital herpes. The infection is characterized by painful sores or blisters in the genital or anal area, which can be accompanied by itching, burning, and discomfort during urination. Initial outbreaks may also cause flu-like symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, and body aches. The sores eventually heal, but the virus remains in the body and can reactivate, leading to recurrent outbreaks.

Genital herpes is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, anal, or oral sex, even when no visible sores are present, as the virus can be shed asymptomatically. While there is no cure for herpes, antiviral medications like acyclovir or valacyclovir can help manage symptoms, reduce the frequency of outbreaks, and lower the risk of transmission to partners.

People with genital herpes are at an increased risk of contracting or spreading other STIs, including HIV. Using condoms and antiviral medication, along with open communication with sexual partners, can help reduce the risk of spreading the virus. Regular testing and maintaining safe sex practices are essential for managing genital herpes.